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A V-band Waveguide to Microstrip Probe Transition
Kinjal Parmar ; Mr. A.K.Sisodia
Electronics & Communication Engineering
Year: 2016, Volume:2, Issue : 9
Pages: 165 - 167
A wideband, low loss probe transition from rectangular waveguide to microstrip is presented. This transition efficiently couples energy from a microstrip line to a TE10 waveguide. This structure requires no mechanical pressure for electrical contact between the microstrip probe and the waveguide because the main planar circuitry and waveguide sections are placed on a single housing. This waveguide to microstrip probe transition is designed, simulated and optimized on alumina substrate. Optimization of the designed transition is carried out using 3-D finite element method solver HFSS by Ansoft Corporation. The simulated result has return loss better than 15 dB and insertion loss is less than 0.32 dB over 45-65 GHz frequency range.
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Wireless Monitoring and Controlling System Using Android Application
Harsh Joshi ; Sandip Brahmbhatt; Nidhi Chothani; Dipti Ranpara; Mr. Avinash Trivedi
Electronics & Communication Engineering
Year: 2016, Volume:2, Issue : 9
Pages: 168 - 173
In our day to day life science plays an important role. The various devices make our life comfortable but we still feel there should be atomization provided in our home or industry. There should be devices or remotes to control several appliances. Turning appliances “ON†or “OFF†should be easily possible using a remote device.Also in many industries such as small-scale factories or offices controlling of various devices or machines is very difficult. In industries each motor or machine is switched “ON†or “OFF†manually. So that it increases number of labours and time is wasted. In order to avoid this, we can use a remote device. Also it can be used for controlling speed of fan or AC. various function such as power or rotation of a DC motor can be controlled using such devices.This project proposes a review on WIFI control system of smart appliances based on ZigBee wireless sensor network. Status of the home appliances can be queried and controlled through the controller and application. The proposed work presents the design and implementation of a wireless sensor network based home appliances system with a modular self-reconfigurable remote controller or Android application.
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Optical Burst Switching (OBS): Contention Resolution Technique
Hitesh A. Momaya ; Varun M. Patel; Vijay I. Patel; Vijay B. Patel; Usman J. Sindhi
Electronics & Communication Engineering
Year: 2016, Volume:2, Issue : 9
Pages: 174 - 177
In recent era, the scale of the Internet enlarges rapidly and the demand for network bandwidth has been increasing remarkably. Furthermore, the types of network services have been largely increased, and the proportion of multimedia technologies integrated by video and audio becomes larger. All these reasons have made the Internet traffic increase rapidly, and the demand for network bandwidth becomes more urgent than ever. With the explosive growth of the Internet optical fiber seems to be the perfect carrier for future high-speed networks. Nowadays, we are mostly studying the semi-transparent optical transport networks. In optical transport networks, the control messages are processed electronically, and the data are propagated in the high-speed transparent data channels. In this need, three types of optical switching architectures are proposed: Wavelength Switching (WS), Optical Packet Switching (OPS) and Optical Burst Switching (OBS). Of all these approaches, OBS can achieve a good balance between the coarse-gained wavelength routing and fine-gained optical packet switching. In this paper, we discuss main features of optical burst switching (OBS) and similarities between OBS and optical circuit- and packet-switching. We will study a new variation that is suitable for optical WDM networks. The central idea behind OBS is the assembly of client packets into longer bursts at the edge of an OBS domain and the promise of optical technologies to enable switch reconfiguration at the burst level therefore providing a near-term optical networking solution with finer switching granularity in the optical domain.
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Study on Sequential Analysis of Trace Elements in the Sediments of Karaikal Coast. East Coast of India
G.Ramesh ; T.Ramkumar; M.V.Mukesh; T.Immanuvel David
Applied Science
Year: 2016, Volume:2, Issue : 9
Pages: 178 - 185
The present work measures the concentration of different solid species of the trace elements Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Co and Ni in the surface sediments of Arasalar river estuary at different stations & seasons (2011-2012). Analysis of sediments for trace element concentration gives history of accumulation of metals in environments. Estuarine and marine sediments are very important accumulation site of metals in the coastal areas; therefore analyses of these metals are important to assess the degree of pollution in the marine environment. The trace elements were extracted from sediment samples into five chemical phases (I-exchangeable, phase II-bound to carbonate, phase III-bound to Fe-Mn oxides, phase IV-bound to organic matter and phase V-residual). The results obtained from sequential extraction procedure showed that among all the five phases, residual phases (phase-V) was found to have much more metal concentrations for all the eight metals compared to other phases irrespective of seasons. The concentration of the metals at various phases are as follows,Fe – Phase V>III>IV>II>I, Mn – Phase V> III>IV>II>I, Cu – Phase V> III>IV>II>I, Zn - Phase V> III>IV>II>I, Pb- Phase IV>V>III>II>I, Cr - Phase V> III>IV>II>I, Co- Phase V> III>IV>II>I, Ni - Phase V> III>IV>II>I. The high proportion of metals in the residual phase generally related to low levels of extractable metals indicates that the sediments of Arasalar river estuary and adjacent beach environments were relatively unpolluted.
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Analysis of Electronics Control System of CFL Lamp
Ahteshamul Haque
Electrical Engineering
Year: 2016, Volume:2, Issue : 9
Pages: 186 - 189
Energy saving has now become the major performance parameter for all the areas of engineering. Artificial lighting is one of the area where volume of energy consumption is very high. Various types of lamps are developed to get the energy efficient light output. Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) is one of the lamp used in artificial lighting system. An electronic control system is required drive CFL. The objective of this paper is to give the working of electronic control system of CFL.
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Demand Assigned Multiple Access Subsystem
Hitesh A. Momaya ; Varun M. Patel; Vijay I. Patel; Vijay B. Patel
Electronics & Communication Engineering
Year: 2016, Volume:2, Issue : 9
Pages: 190 - 193
Demand Assigned Multiple Access (DAMA) is a name for a central allocation of network resources. DAMA is one of the two main techniques for allocating channels to users. In fixed-assigned multiple access, each user is allocated a channel permanently, whether they use it or not. The most multiple-access systems use DAMA in which the available channels are allocated on an as required basis to users. When the user is finished with the channel it is relinquished and made available for another user. DAMA is a technique used to assign satellite channels to on an as request basis. It increases the amount of users in a pool of satellite channels that are available for use by any station in a network. It is assumed that not all users will need simultaneous access to the same communication channels. So that a call can be established, DAMA assigns a pair of available channels based on requests issued from a user. Once the call is completed, the channels are returned to the pool for an assignment to another call. Since the resources of the satellite are being used only in proportion to the occupied channels for the time in which they are being held, it is a perfect environment for voice traffic and data traffic in batch mode.
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Digital Audio Watermarking- A Survey
Nancy Tayal ; Nikita Sagar
Computer Engineering
Year: 2016, Volume:2, Issue : 9
Pages: 194 - 196
With the increasing usage of digital multimedia, the protection of intellectual property rights problem has become a very important issue. Digital watermarking is now drawing attention as a new method of protecting multimedia content from unauthorized copying. Over the past two decades, many digital watermarking algorithms have been developed, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The main aim of this paper is to present a survey report of recently done work in audio watermarking fields.
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Probabilities In The Indian Premier League (IPL) 2015 Matches By Application Of Queuing Theory- A Case Study
Dr. Bhavin S. Patel ; Dr. Pravin H. Bhathawala
MATHEMATICS
Year: 2016, Volume:2, Issue : 9
Pages: 197 - 199
Indian Premier League (IPL) is the domestic league for cricket in the Twenty20 format. In IPL, 8 domestic teams, representing 8 big cities, play each other the Twenty20 matches. In the Twenty20 match, one pair of batsmen opens the innings at the start of the match. The one down batsman waits for his turn to bat after wicket falls. So, the waiting occurs in the Twenty20 match. We apply queuing theory to the IPL domestic cricket. By application of queuing theory, we look to find the probabilities of the team batting first win or the team batting second win in the match.
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Energy efficient Clustering Techniques using Genetic Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network :A Survey
AMARPREET KAUR
Electronics & Communication Engineering
Year: 2016, Volume:2, Issue : 9
Pages: 200 - 203
Wireless sensor network (WSNs) are networks of distributed autonomous devices aimed to monitor and record conditions at various locations to send the sensed data to a processing unit. It is not always possible to recharge or replace the sensor nodes in various applications such as in war fields. Therefore, sensor nodes energy depletion is a critical issue in wireless sensor networks. This paper presents a survey of energy efficient clustering techniques using a computational intelligence technique, Genetic Algorithm (GA) in which the power consumption problem is chiefly addressed.
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Theoretical Analysis of Centrally Autonomous Radially Adjustable Zero Turning 4 Wheel Steering System
Mitul Vaghela ; Yogesh Parmar; Vishal Rathod ; Kathan Kapdi; Parikshit Patel
Automotive Engineering
Year: 2016, Volume:2, Issue : 9
Pages: 204 - 210
Nowadays, the every vehicle existed mostly still using the two wheel steering system to control the movement of the vehicle whether it is front wheel drive, rear wheel drive or all-wheel drive. But the efficiency of the two wheel steering vehicle is proven to be low due to the problems such as “Understeer/Oversteerâ€. If a car could automatically compensate for an understeer/oversteer problem, the driver would enjoy nearly neutral steering under varying operating conditions. In situations like low speed cornering, vehicle parking and driving in city conditions with heavy traffic in tight spaces, high speed lane changing would be very difficult due to vehicle’s larger wheelbase and track width which brings high inertia and traction into consideration. Hence there is a requirement of a mechanism which result in less turning radius and it can be achieved by implementing four-wheel steering mechanism instead of regular two-wheel steering. In this paper, mechanical modelling of four wheels steered vehicle is produced which is optimally controlled during a lane change maneuver in three type of condition which is low speed maneuver, medium speed maneuver and high speed maneuver. For parking and low-speed maneuvers, the rear Wheel steer in the opposite direction of the front wheels, allowing much sharper turns. At higher speeds, the rest wheels steer in the same direction as the front wheels. The result may be more stability and less body lean during fast lane changes and turns because the front wheels don’t have to drag non-steering rear wheels onto the path.
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Abstract
