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Wavelet Based Intelligent Thresholding Techniques for Denoising ECG Signals
Pushpanjali M ; Dr. Sarika Tale
Electronics & Communication Engineering
Year: 2016, Volume:3, Issue : 2
Pages: 379 - 382
The electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are electrical signals produced by the heart during polarization and depolarization of the minute electric potentials that characterize the heart conditions and its rhythmic behaviors. These signals are processed and interpreted using electronic biomedical instrumentation techniques during which the ECG gets contaminated while acquiring the ECG signals leading to noisy signals due to the line power supply, leaky electrodes, signals processing stages and makes it difficult to read and interpret the ECG signals. From DSP point of view, the ECG signals are non-stationary which have sharp variations and high entropy. The DSP techniques based on the wavelets are powerful techniques that address the removal of noises due to their inherent separation properties based on the entropy and uncertainty properties of the ECG signals. Since entropy can measure the features of uncertainty associated with the ECG signal, a novel comprehensive entropy criterion and soft/hard thresholding techniques are proposed in which the coefficient of the wavelets are processed with built-in intelligent behavior and predict the best wavelet coefficients based on the multiple criteria related to entropy and energy. Taking account of the decomposition capability of wavelets and the similarity in information between the decomposed coefficients and the analyzed signal, the proposed novel intelligent thresholding using the both soft and hard thresholding is implemented using the criterion well as comparison information entropy for optimal wavelet selection leading to the intelligent thresholding and better performance. The experimental validation is conducted on the basis of ECG signals of 30 subjects selected from the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. The performance indices is compared with each of these eight criteria through four filtering performance indexes, i.e., output signal to noise ratio (SNR), root mean square error (RMSE), percent root mean-square difference (PRD) and correlation coefficients. The filtering results of thirty ECG signals contaminated by noise have verified using the intelligent thresholding and performed better ECG signal filtering (10-20%) with hard and soft thresholding techniques.
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Design Optimization of Truck Body
Mushtaq ; Dilip. G. Gangwani
Mechanical Engineering Design
Year: 2016, Volume:3, Issue : 2
Pages: 383 - 385
Handling and carrying of large quantities of materials in a truck body of varied construction upon the existing state of materials, physical properties and required operation which is to be performed is one of the task taken by the mechanical and the automobile engineers which are used for carrying sand, metals, iron ore and granite blocks. The truck body is the main part of the vehicle which contains a number of channels made up of mild steel or aluminum sheet metal. Most processing equipment units are focusing on the design of the truck body with various modifications necessary to minimize the stress and to improve the load factor of safety. In the design of truck body, a number of factors have to be considered. The most important factor is the selection of type of the body to perform the required operation in a satisfactory manner. The other selection criteria must be considered such as the induced stress and material properties. Vehicles and related structures disclosed in for mentioned patents mainly worked up on the design to increase the strength, to the reduce weight, and enhance configurability. Hence there exists a need for the industry sector to optimize the design of the dump truck body structure which allows maximizing dump truck payload capacity and simultaneously improving the strength, reducing the weight, and prolonged operational life.
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Design and Development of Tacking and Welding Fixture for Mixing Drum of 10/7 Concrete Mixer
Amasidha Kallappa Athani ; R. R. Anyapanawar
Mechanical Engineering
Year: 2016, Volume:3, Issue : 2
Pages: 386 - 390
In this paper three tacking and welding fixtures are designed for fabricating the mixing drum of 10/7 concrete mixer by using CATIA V5R16 software and all these fixtures are developed by using general purpose structural steel like HR plates, ERW pipe, MS channel, EN8Round bar etc. Stopwatch time study method is used to note down the time required to complete the fabrication of mixing drum with and without using the fixtures. The obtained results are compared and % improvement in the productivity of mixing drum due to use of fixtures is calculated. The results of circular runout of mixing drum is also compared which are note down on the mixing drum fabricated with and without using the fixtures.
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Modeling & FEA of Universal Coupling of an Automobile Truck
Purvesh Shah ; Prof. A. V. Patil; Sunil. H Bharati
Mechanical Engineering Design
Year: 2016, Volume:3, Issue : 2
Pages: 391 - 402
Universal joint is defined as a mechanical device that can transmit a power or rotational motion from one shaft to another at fixed and varying angles of intersection of the shaft axis. Here a re-design of a Universal coupling which will allow power transmission between two misalign axis is carried out. As compare to existing design it has much better strength to withstand against given load. New Universal coupling designs will allow the engineer to transmit the motion of the driver shaft to drive shaft at misalign axis (more than one axis). 3-D model of the universal coupling is prepared by using CAD software for modal and stress analysis. A finite element based optimization is used to optimize the design of Universal coupling. The forces will apply to the modeled universal coupling in CAD software for analysis. These forces and moments are used as the boundary conditions for finite element model of the universal coupling.
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Design of Digital Finite Impulse Response Filter with DE3 Optimization Technique
Alamdeep Singh ; Manit Kapoor; Dr. Naveen Dhillon
Electronics & Communication Engineering
Year: 2016, Volume:3, Issue : 2
Pages: 403 - 410
The research on optimal design of Finite impulse response (FIR) filter based on various optimization techniques, including evolutionary algorithm (EAs) have gained much attention in recent years. Genetic algorithm is a particular class of evolutionary algorithms that use techniques inspired by evolutionary biology such as inheritance, mutation, selection, and crossover. The New Differential evolution algorithm based on reserve genes (Eclectic Differential Evolution) have been used here for the design of finite impulse response filters. This algorithm is applied in order to obtain the actual filter response as close as possible to the ideal response. In this method, the new vectors can be produced by the combination of genes of selected chromosomes. These new vectors as the individuals are evolved with other individuals in the population and also increase the diversity of population.
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Experimental and CFD Analysis of Aluminium Heat Sinks for Avionics Applications
Bopanna K D ; Nizamuddin Ali khan
Aeronautical Engineering
Year: 2016, Volume:3, Issue : 2
Pages: 411 - 417
Efficient thermal management in many avionics system is vital because there is a growing need to minimize the weight and volume of the system. Thermal management is a critical and essential component of maintaining high efficiency and reliability of electronic components. Adequate cooling must be provided while meeting the weight and volumetric requirements, especially for passive air-cooling solutions in avionics applications where space and weight are at a premium. With recent advancements in material science and increase in demand for more aggressive cooling solutions, it has become critical to invent, manufacture, characterize, and implement advanced thermal materials for the design of compact and low weight systems. However due to its isotropic properties of the materials, their thermal performance and reliability can be fully understood. Based on physical, mechanical and thermal properties of aluminum 2024 and alumina we incorporate various approaches for finding out the feasibility for the avionics applications. A combined experimental and computational investigation is performed on different composition of heat sink to know the thermal performance i.e. temperature distribution over each area. Graphs of temperature distribution v/s span length are developed for both the methods. The result obtained from the experimental method is verified with the results obtained from the computational method.
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Theoretical Study and Performance Test of Lucid Spherical Turbine
RAKESH C ; CHARAN NALLODE; ADHVAITH M; ANWIN T V JOSEPH; A H AKSHAY KRISHNA
Mechanical Engineering
Year: 2016, Volume:3, Issue : 2
Pages: 418 - 423
Lucid spherical turbine is a provider of renewable energy systems that enable industrial, municipal and agricultural facilities to produce clean, reliable, low-cost electricity from their gravity-fed water pipelines and effluent streams. Lucid spherical turbine Power System is a water- to-wire energy recovery solution. Lucid spherical turbine is an in-pipe turbine generator to capture the energy of fast-moving water inside of large, gravity-fed pipelines, converting it into a continuous source of low-cost electricity. Unlike other renewable energy systems, Lucid spherical turbine produces predictable, base load energy with no environmental impact. The Lucid spherical Power System can be installed in a day and energy generation can begin in less than a week. This keeps permitting and installation costs low and project returns high. This electricity can be used on-site to power pumps and other devices, to charge storage systems, or to connect to the grid for net metering.
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A Novel Cross Layer Approach for Minimizing Energy Utilization for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks
Agnihotri Chandrika ; Patil Yogita Dattatraya
Computer Science and Engineering
Year: 2016, Volume:3, Issue : 2
Pages: 424 - 431
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of densely distributed sensor nodes with embedded low computational power CPU, limited storage and low power radios. WSNs are widely used to monitor environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, and vibration and pressure, in disaster relief, home monitoring etc. One major disadvantage in Mobile WSNs suffers from over head of control packet and decreases the sent packet ratio. This leads to consume more energy. The paper introduces a cross-layer operation model that can increase the utilization of energy and provide high throughput of MWSNs. The model integrates four layers in the network operation: 1) application (location of node); 2) network (flooding); 3) medium access control (MAC); and 4) physical layers. The location of the mobile nodes is implanted in the routing operation after the discovery of route. The location information is then utilized by the MAC layer transmission power control to adjust the transmission range of the node. This is used to minimize the power utilized by the network interface to reduce the energy consumption of the node(s). The model employs a mechanism to minimize the neighbour discovery broadcasts to the active routes only. Reducing control packet broadcasts between the nodes reduces the network’s consumed energy. Through simulation-based evaluations, the proposed model outperforms the conventional operation of IEEE 802.15.4-based network and the energy efficient and QoS aware multipath routing protocol in terms of energy consumption by roughly 10%, twice less control packet overhead, end-to-end delays and comparative packet delivery ratios.
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Deterministic Relay Node Based Improved Leach Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network
Manisha ; Midhi Mittal
Electronics & Communication Engineering
Year: 2016, Volume:3, Issue : 2
Pages: 432 - 438
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of nodes with limited power deployed in the area of interest. Nodes tend to collect, transmit and forward data to a base station. In WSN, clustering and scheduling techniques ensures that the data should be collected in an energy efficient manner. In this work, we have reviewed many papers relating to clustering and scheduling of sensor network. After reviewing many papers we believe that the work done in it is the latest one, modifications in the work is needed. This proposal give the basic description of wireless sensor network and their importance in energy efficiency and give a brief about most famous protocol is describes leach and their improved version In this work we have proposed a novel self-organizing clustering scheme which considers the real time parameters for setting up the clusters for data collection. Unlike several proposed algorithm, this scheme reclusters the network only when CH fall below a threshold level. Repeated unnecessary clustering in every round depletes the energy of the network more quickly. We have introduced heterogeneity in the proposed work. By mean of heterogeneity in terms of energy, lifetime of the network can be extended. An algorithm is functional if the area of interest is covered by active nodes. The period for which the network is functional is termed as persistent period in our work. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is comparatively more energy efficient, scalable & robust and has longer persistent period. And later part of the proposal gives the advantage and disadvantage of these protocols.
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Dynamic Behavior of a Tumor Growth Model in Discrete System
A.George Maria Selvam ; K. Dhanalakshmi
Natural Sciences, Humanities
Year: 2016, Volume:3, Issue : 2
Pages: 439 - 443
In this paper, we consider a discrete model of tumor growth. Interaction of two different types of cells involved in the tumor growth is modeled with difference equations. Existence of steady state is established and local stability analysis is carried. To illustrate our results numerical simulations are also presented.
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