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Experimental Investigations on Egg Shell and Coconut Shell Bio Composites
R. Girimurugan ; S. Sabarish; S. Sathish; N. Sathish Kumar; M. Vijaya Sankar
Pages: 1 - 8
Bio-composite is a composite material formed by a matrix and a reinforcement of natural fibers. These kinds of materials often mimic the structure of the living materials involved in the process keeping the strengthening properties of the matrix that was used, but always providing biocompatibility. In this investigation resin, coconut shell powder and egg shell powder reinforced composites were fabricated by reinforcing egg shell powder and coconut shell powder with a grain size between 200-800μm. In this investigation five samples were prepared by varying the weight percentage of resin, coconut shell powder and egg shell powder in the range of 33% coconut shell powder + 2% egg shell powder + 65% epoxy resin, 31% coconut shell powder + 4% egg shell powder + 65% epoxy resin, 29% coconut shell powder + 6% egg shell powder + 65% epoxy resin, 27% coconut shell powder + 8% egg shell powder + 65% epoxy resin, 25% coconut shell powder + 10% egg shell powder + 65% epoxy resin respectively. The above five samples were made with a dimensions of 290 mm × 290 mm × 3 mm in an open mould. Different mechanical behavior tests were carried out on the above five samples. The water absorption characteristics were evaluated through the water absorption test. These experimental results shows that the mechanical behavior and water absorption behavior of these composites are depends upon the increasing weight percentage of coconut shell and also decreasing weight percentage of egg shell.
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Investigation of Micro hole Process Parameters of Copper Alloy and Stainless Steel using Micro ECM
K.Selvaraj ; N.Senniangiri; V.C.Aravindkumar; S.Dineshkumar; S.Dilipkumar
Pages: 9 - 18
The machining of materials on Nano particles is considered the technology of the future. The current techniques for micro manufacturing mostly are silicon based. These manufacturing techniques have limitations in demanding applications like aerospace and biomedical industries. Micro electrochemical machining (µECM) removes material while holding micron tolerances and µECM can machine hard metals and alloys. Electrochemical micromachining (ECMM) is one of the best micromachining techniques for machining electrically conducting, tough, and difficult-to-machine materials with suitable machining parameter combinations. In this project, the effect of process parameters such as such as electrolyte concentration, machining voltage, and duty cycle on the material removal rate (MRR) were studied using Copper Alloy and stainless steel work piece. According to Taguchi’s quality design concepts is used. ANOVA is also performed to determine the most significant parameter that influences the EMM process. The optimum process parameters for higher MRR are found out and confirmation tests were carried out to validate the prediction. This research helps to understand the selection of machining parameters for ECMM of Stainless Steel and Copper Alloy.
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Vibration Studies on Ball Bearing Considering Solid Contaminants in Lubricants
P.Kamalesan ; P.Santhoshkumar; M.Magudeswaran; S.A.Srinivasan; R.Girimurugan
Pages: 19 - 24
Rolling element bearings are common in any rotating machinery. The rolling element bearings subjected to failure under continuous running. Therefore they have received great attention in the field of condition monitoring. Different methods are detection and diagnosis of the bearing defects. Among them the commonly used technique is vibration signature analysis. The information obtained from the system vibration can be used for identifying its response subjected to various conditions. In rolling element bearing, contamination of lubricant grease by solid particles is one among the several reasons for early bearing failure. The main objective of this project is to investigate the effect of lubricant contamination by solid particles on rolling element bearing. This work is carried out to determine the vibrations on good and defective bearing in healthy grease and contaminant grease conditions. Obtained the vibration characteristics of healthy grease tested ball bearings are compared with those of contaminant grease tested ball bearings. Vibration signals are acquired from the ball bearings assembled in an experimental rig. The radial load was applied to the outer ring of the test bearing. An accelerometer placed on bearing housing measures radial vibration both in vertical and horizontal. The SKF-LGWA type of lubricants is used in this test, and also different types of solid particles are used as contaminants. The effect of contaminant concentration and particle size on vibration is to be studied. A way of monitoring machinery performance during operation is through mechanical vibration measurement. In rolling bearings, a sudden increase in vibration can be indicative of failure occurrence. In other techniques such as grease analyses and temperature monitoring can also provide warning of faults. But here, vibration monitoring is more versatile since it can reveal a wider range of faults.
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Design and Analysis of Wheel Rim with Spiral Flexures
G.Radhakrishnan ; V.R.Palaniappan; M.Magudeswaran; S.A.Srinivasan; R.Girimurugan
Pages: 25 - 30
Computer Aided engineering system provides total system approach to new product development. The usage of computer in Design Analysis and optimization technique, which is mostly iterative in nature, reduces the tedious job & increases the accuracy. This project involves one such model of wheel, which is according to the specification given by the Japanese Industrial Standards. The wheel rim has been analyzed for two conditions. Bending endurance test, Radial endurance test, In Radial endurance test, following three conditions have been analyzed.
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Wind Flow Analysis on a Complex Vertical Axis Wind Turbine using CFD
C.Pradeepkumar ; J.Jayaraj; P.Tamizhselvan; M.Soundararajan; M.Magudeswaran
Pages: 31 - 37
In the current age of global energy crisis, the production of energy through alternate energy resources has gained a significant attention. Wind as a source of energy is a very attractive due to the fact that fuel is free of cost in this case. This research is about the aerodynamic design of a VAWT blade using the analytical and CFD techniques for a small scale vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT), aiming 1 kW power output which may be used for domestic purposes to power a single room. This is simulated using commercial software, ANSYS 15.0. The static CFD model is developed at a selected pitch angle during a complete 360° where the aerodynamic forces evaluated are comparable with the analytical values at the similar location. Among the different vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) rotor is found to be slow running, wind machine driven by wind resistance and has a lower efficiency as compared to lift type machine but it is also inexpensive. The present work is to design and develop a modified rotor for low windy regions, to develop a self-starting and more efficient wind turbine, which can be used domestically.
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Analysis of Vehicle Suspension System Subjected to forced Vibration using MAT LAB/Simulink
P.Mohan ; K.V.Poornachandran; P.Pravinkumar; M.Magudeswaran; M.Mohanraj
Pages: 38 - 43
A safe vehicle must be able to stop and maneuver over a wide range of road conditions. Good contact between the tires and the road will able to stop and maneuver quickly and it is achieved by vehicle suspension system. Suspension is the term given to the system of springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels. Shock absorber is an important part of automotive suspension system which has an effect on ride characteristics. Shock absorbers are also critical for tire to road contact which to reduce the tendency of a tire to lift off the road. This affects braking, steering, cornering and overall stability. The removal of the shock absorber from suspension can cause the vehicle bounce up and down. It is possible for the vehicle to be driven, but if the suspension drops from the driving over a severe bump, the rear spring can fall out. The main role of a suspension engineer is to tune the suspension in such a way as to maximize the road holding performance of the vehicle. One of the more difficult components in achieving this is the selection of the dampers which was done empirically in the past. This paper outlines the development of the equations of motion for some simple vehicle models and demonstrates how the increasing availability of numerical simulation software’s MATLAB could be used to solve these equations to optimize the vehicle before it arrives at the road.
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Optimization of Cutting Parameters for Aluminum and Silicon Carbide Composite using Taguchi’s Techniques
V.P.Krishnamurthy ; M.Magudeswaran; S.A.Srinivasan; K.Rubha; K.Kokilavani
Pages: 44 - 47
Metal –Matrix composites (MMCs) are relatively new class of materials characterized by lighter weight and greater wear resistance than conventional materials. Considering that cutting conditions regulate the machining process, through developed cutting forces, the surface finish of the pieces for machining and tool life, it becomes of high importance for the optimization of machining parameters. MMC material is prepared by using the furnace. The prepared material involves the drilling process, at the time speed, feed and depth of cut are the input parameters mean while surface finish, thrust force, torque and tool wear are the output parameters. Output is obtained by connecting the drill tool dynamometer is connected with the Radial drill machine. The cutting tool wear is measured with a Mitutoyo shop microscope with 30x magnification and 1 µm resolution. The surface finish is evaluated with a profilo meter. The machining parameters are tabulated by using Taguchi techniques. Point out the optimal solution from the tabulated values. Composite materials becoming an essential part of today’s materials because they offer advantages such as low weight, corrosion resistance, high fatigue strength, faster assembly, etc., composites are used as materials in making aircraft structures to golf clubs, electronic packaging to medical equipment and space vehicles to home building.
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Flow Simulation of Diesel Engine for Prolate Combustion Chamber
R.Krishnakumar ; P.Duraimurugan; M.Magudeswaran; R.Girimurugan; S.A.Srinivasan
Pages: 48 - 52
Objective of this investigation is to study the flow characteristics inside the cylinder of a diesel engine with prolate sphere combustion chamber. The study deal with the effect in swirl ratio , turbulence dissipation rate, turbulence kinetic energy of the combustion chamber have been analyzed. CFD calculation has been done for suction and compression stroke with intake part geometry. The pre-processor ICEM-CFD is used to create the computational domain of the engine for solving the governing equation. A hexagonal structural mesh is employed for entire computational domain of the engine with 120000 cells the RNG k-ε turbulence model with standard wall function. In this project transient analysis was performed with implicit scheme computation start from TDC to bottom dead centre. At the TDC constant pressure of 1 bar was considered and in the analysis turbulence intensity 5%, energy equation and no-slip conditions were applied. Thus the different flow parameter for the prolated combustion chamber was analyzed.
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Spray Characteristic Analysis of Diesel Injector with Biodiesel
E.Deeparaj ; B.Vivek; D.Gunasekaran; N.Satheeshkumar; M.Magudeswaran
Pages: 53 - 61
This paper focuses on the analysis of the effects of biodiesel fluid properties on spray and flow characteristics. Spray characteristics such as initial spray break-up, atomization, droplet size, spray angle, sauter mean diameter and spray tip penetration govern mixture formation in the combustion chamber. The spray parameters have direct influence on combustion, which in turn affects the engine performance and emission characteristics. To analyze the spray parameters, two-step simulation methodology is applied for the computation of the injector nozzle internal flow and the spray evolution. In the first step, the multiphase cavitating flow inside the injector nozzle is calculated by means of steady state CFD simulation at maximum needle opening condition. In second step spray analysis is carried out by multiphase particle tracking using Lagrangian spray calculation. Simulation is carried out with standard diesel, RME and DME in three nozzle diameters 0.15mm, 0.2mm and 0.3mm at injection pressures 800, 1200 and 1400 bar. Mass flow and velocity of fuel at the nozzle is strongly influenced by the change in fluid properties. Cavitations region in nozzle is strongly influenced by fluid properties rather than pressure. Simulation of spray analysis is carried out at non evaporating condition. Spray penetrations and Sauter mean diameter are the two main parameters considered for analysis and discussed.
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Optimization and Analysis of Mouth Piece Plate Material in Butter Packing Machine
M.Prakash ; D.Kesavan; R.Udhaya Kumar; C.Vignesh; K.S.Dharani Dharan
Pages: 62 - 67
An industrial project carried out in Erode District Co-operative Milk Producer’s Union Ltd., Chithode, Erode, for improving the performance of Butter packing machine. During butter packing in butter packing machine the butter leakage occurs in mouth piece plate at nozzle, by change the mouth piece plate material, the butter leakage is minimized. In this butter packing machine, the mouth-piece plate is located between nozzle and dosing unit. The mouth-piece plate is made up of aluminium and Teflon sheet. Aluminium layer acts as a support for Teflon sheet and they are bonded rigidly with bonding agent (araldite). The mouth-piece plate is regularly washed everyday with hot water (50ᵒ to 55ᵒ Celsius), acid and soda. By washing the mouth-piece plate every day, the bond between Aluminium (15mm thickness) and Teflon sheet (2mm thickness) is unbounded within 20 to 25 days, because the hot water is continuously reducing the bonding agent property and also due to continuous movement of disc over the Teflon sheet. The bonding between metal and plastics cannot be made permanent. In mouth-piece plate, the Teflon sheet is peeled away from the aluminium layer within 20 to 25days, so the production will be stopped for some certain time period and the replacement of Teflon sheet cost is high. Present study utilize the Padauk wood material as mouth piece plate, there by the performance of butter packing machine is improved.
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Hydrogen Electrolyser An Approach to Increase Fuel Efficiency in Spark Ignition Engines
R.Maheshkumar ; L.Kavinkumar; A.Jayasuriya; T.N.Saravanan; V.Jayaprakash
Pages: 68 - 72
This paper is all about designing an efficient hydrogen electrolyser that produce an hydroxyl gas are used increase the fuel efficiency in an internal combustion engine. Currently there are2 types of engines are in practice spark ignition engine and compression ignition engine. In these engines the combustion process are seems to be very primitive. Hence unburned fuels are remains after the burning process. This leads to emission of various harmful gaseous like hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide. Hence hydrogen electrolyser is an new approach to minimize the engine emission and also to improve the efficiency .From the analysis we found that unburned gaseous during the combustion are reduced it provide an clean burning .In the research we mainly focused on improving an engine efficiency and reducing the emission.
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Design and Fabrication of Sand Separator System in Bagasse Plant
Nitika Mehta ; Karthick.S; Parthiban.M; Padmavathy.S; Sharmila Devi.G
Pages: 73 - 79
An apparatus for separating natural gas from production streams comprising a liquid dispersion of water, sand, and natural gas is provided for. The separator comprises a vessel having an interior surface defining a spherical interior space. The interior space allows a production stream introduced therein to experience a velocity drop sufficient to allow separation of the natural gas from the sand and water components. The separator also comprises a stream inlet port in the vessel, a liquid drain in the lower end of the vessel, and a gas outlet port at the upper end of the vessel remote from the stream inlet port. A baffle is mounted in the interior of the vessel in the path of the production stream between the stream inlet port and the gas outlet port. The baffle is effective to spread and direct a high pressure production stream introduced into the interior space via the stream inlet port downward toward the liquid drain. Operational experience from many fields suggests that sand is produced along with oil and gas from the reservoir that have a relatively lower formation strength, The presence of sand impacts several design and operational aspect of the production system due to the potential of erosion, corrosion and accumulation of sand in pipelines and separators. The paper reviews erosion prediction and sand accumulation models. The paper will also address issues associated with sand removal and inhibitor performance and effectiveness when sand accumulation occurs.
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Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Based Hybrid using Vinyl Ester Resin for Automotive Components
Prof.T.Anandaraj ; Dhivakar K; Boopathinanda M; Boopathi M; Diwakar P
Pages: 80 - 84
Composite materials are one among those new emerging engineering materials which plays a major role. Thus our project is based on valuating in mechanical properties and behaviour of bamboo based hybrid composite. We chose bamboo as the main reinforcement material as it does have promising properties to impact and tensile. Thus the mechanical properties and behaviours of this sample were identified by tensile, impact, flextural and hardness test and these properties were compared.
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Investigation of Tensile Strength and Water Absorption Behavior of Snake Grass Fiber with Poly Lactic Acid
C. Thiruvasagam ; P. Pradeep; R. Prathap; A. Praveen; K. Premkumar
Pages: 85 - 89
The motive of this study is to lessen the dependence on bio-degradable plastic packaging by developing alternative material; reinforced poly lactic acid (PLA) with Snake Grass (SG) bio composite using available plastic processing machineries. This paper presents the extraction and preparation methodology of the poly lactic acid (PLA) using the naturally available fibers like snake grass. Mostly, the mechanical properties of the natural fiber-reinforced hybrid composites are better than the single fiber-reinforced composites and almost equal to the synthetic fiber composites. For that reason, this study focuses on fabrication of PLA– SG bio composite using injection molding for mechanical characterization. The effect of SG loading from 15 to 35wt% was studied. . Tensile properties and compression properties show similar trend where significant improvement was attained at 35wt% SG content. Tensile fracture specimen has revealed the hypothesis of interaction between fiber and matrix which subsequently amplified the tensile properties. It is an interesting finding where the experimental value of tensile modulus was 15% higher than theoretical tensile modulus at 35wt% SG. Additionally, PLA–SG bio composite produced, has high specific strength and specific modulus. This could suggest that SG may be incorporated into PLA to reduce mass of the end product and substantially reduce the cost of raw materials. As expected, tensile strength however decreases with SG content.
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Production of Biodiesel from used Cooking Oil
S.Gopalakrishnan ; J.Ubaidullah; P.Shanmugasundaram; K.Yuvaraj; T.Tamilarasu
Pages: 90 - 95
Growing concern regarding necessity of energy resources and the environmental impact and demand of fuel sources has increased interest in the research of alternative sources of energy. To meet this criteria Biodiesels will play a vital role as alternative to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. This paper aimed to give a clear idea and view on producing Biodiesel from used cooking oil. These days, many used cooking oils from restaurants were re-used by street sellers to fry their food. Those waste oils commonly just throw away. Whereas waste oils which have not any treatment first, will pollute the environment. One of the ways to treat the waste oil is by converting to biodiesel. This paper aimed to study the kinetic reaction of second-used cooking oil into biodiesel and find the optimum condition of its process. This process is going to be done by Transesterification reaction. The feedstock is going to be collected from the street sellers in Salem, Namakkal, Erode. Methanol was used as a reactant and KOH was used as a base catalyst .It is found that Biodiesel obtained from used cooking oil has similar properties and efficiency.
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Current Trends in Bumper Design for Pedestrian Impact
M. Sheik Sujavudeen ; J.Tamilselvan; C.Venkatesh; M.Hariharan; K. Premkumar
Pages: 96 - 103
Around the world, the pace of improvement in person on foot countermeasures is expanding quickly. To better comprehend the best in class in guard outline for person on foot affect, a review of writing and licenses has been performed. Two general ways to deal with diminishing the seriousness of walker lower appendage effects were distinguished: (a) Provide padding and support of the lower appendage with a guard and another lower stiffener, (b) Use the guard as a stage for effect sensors and outside airbags. This review concentrated on the primary approach. Barring guard sensors, airbags, and non-plan related articles, an aggregate of 130 significant specialized articles and 147 licenses were distinguished. The most widely recognized strategy proposed for padding the lower appendage in an effect uses a vitality safeguard (plastic froth or 'egg-case') before a semi-inflexible (steel or aluminum) pillar. There are likewise proposition for 'spring-steel', steel-froth composites, pound jars, and plastic shafts. The most widely recognized technique proposed for supporting the lower appendage in an effect is an optional lower shaft, known as a "stiffener" or 'spoiler'. Most proposed lower stiffeners are plastic plates or metal pillars bolstered by the motor undertray, the radiator bolster, or the front-end module. Notwithstanding these ideas, there are various plan recommendations including a sending guard or lower stiffener.
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Investigation of Biogas Production from Euphorbia Lactea and Cow Dung under Mesophilic Condition through Anerobic Digestion
M. Chandrasekar ; T. Kumaran; S. Manikandan; A. Imthiyaz; Prof. N. Naveen Kumar
Pages: 104 - 108
One of the main environmental problems of today’s society is the continuously increasing production of organic wastes. In many countries, sustainable waste management as well as waste prevention and reduction have become major political priorities, representing an important share of the common efforts to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions and to mitigate global climate changes. Uncontrolled waste dumping is no longer acceptable today and even controlled landfill disposal and incineration of organic wastes are not considered optimal practices, as environmental standards hereoft are increasingly stricter and energy recovery and recycling of nutrients and organic matter is aimed. Production of biogas through anaerobic digestion (AD) of animal manure and slurries as well as of a wide range of digestible organic wastes, converts these substrates into renewable energy and offers a natural fertilizer for agriculture. At the same time, it removes the organic fraction from the overall waste streams, increasing this way the efficiency of energy conversion by incineration of the remaining wastes and the biochemical stability of landfill sites.
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Design and Fabrication of Hydraulic Pipe Bending Machine
R. Sanjay ; S. SreyasAnand; Tamilselvan Senthilkumar; G. Vignesh; M. Sathish Kumar
Pages: 109 - 111
Nowadays the world is focusing in automation. Each and every work of human is reduced by a machine, but few areas like construction the usage of machines for bending of pipes for various purposes which are used to withstand loads in beams and columns are not done by machine because the cost of machine is high and need skilled labours to operate it. So this project is aimed to do bending operation of pipe using semi-automatic hydraulic pipe bending machine. The main objective of our project is to implement the hydraulic pipe bending machine in the construction sites with less cost compared to the existing bending machines, and increasing the productivity of the pipe.
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Analysis of Performance and Emission Characteristics of Neem and Mustard Oil Blends with Diesel as an Alternative Fuel in VCR Engine
B. Gokul ; V. Jayaseelan; R. MohanRaj; A. Poovarasan; Mr. R. Boopathi
Pages: 112 - 117
To study the feasibility of mixture of two edible plant oils mustard (Brassica nigra, Family: Cruciferae) and neem (Azadirachta indica, Family: Meliaceae) as diesel substitute a comparative study on their combustion characteristics on a C.I. engine were made. Oils were esterified (butyl esters) before blending with pure diesel in the ratio of 10:90, 15:85, 20:80, and 25:75 by volume. Pure diesel was used as control. Studies have revealed that on blending vegetable oils with diesel a remarkable improvement in their physical and chemical properties was observed. Cetane number came to be very close to pure diesel. Engine (C.I.) was run at different loads (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 kg) at a constant speed (1500 rpm) at various Compression Ratios (17 and 18) separately on each blend and also on pure diesel. Results have indicated that engine run at 20% blend of mixture of two edible plant oils showed a closer performance to pure diesel. However, mixture of neem and mustard oil at 25% blend with diesel gave best performance as compared to 20% blend of mixture of two edible plant oil in terms of low smoke intensity, emission of HC and NOx. All the parameters tested viz., total fuel consumption, specific energy consumption; specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency and cylindrical peak pressure were improved. These studies have revealed that mixture of neem and mustard oils at 20% blend at both the Compression Ratios with diesel can be used as a diesel substitute. Further, esterified mixture of oils at 20% blend satisfies the important fuel properties as per ASTM specifications of biodiesel as it lead to an improvement in engine performance and emission characteristics without bringing any modifications in the engine.
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Anti-Theft, Wheel Locking System along with Side Locking Mechanism
S. Imthiyas ; S. Karuppusamy; M. Muhamed Wahaith; G. K. Naveenkumar; J. Sasikumar
Pages: 118 - 120
In modern days, the technology is grown faster as much as customer satisfaction, but in every technology development, thus the hacking technology is also been occurs at the same time, by the more security system has been introduced to make safe and secure of the vehicle still it can be theft easily. A vehicle anti-theft system is of prime importance. Currently public having an own vehicle, theft is finding on parking and sometimes during insecurity places. The safe of vehicle is extremely essential for public vehicles. As the idea, we get into make a good secure and safety system of the vehicle. When the ignition cuts, the brake shoe gets locked into the wheel.
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Precocious Evaluation of Unconsumed Stresses of Compound Plate Structure through Welding Simulation
Shyam Mohan ; J. Anantharaj; R. Ramaraj; A. Thamaraikumar
Pages: 121 - 126
This article gives an impact on possibilities in applying these days welding recreation instruments in development plan. This is completed model on plate braces fro7m two basic steel grades. The ascertained leftover burdens are contrasted and estimations by separating strategy. It has been over and again expressed that present Eurocode models neglect to inexact the leftover stresses. Particularly for high quality steel (HSS) just constrained data is accessible on sensible happening lingering worries in normal I-braces. The examinations are meant to give promote direction on these qualities. A couple of proposition on cutting edge models are talked about.
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Cooling Effect on Two Wheeler Helmet with PCM
R. Alex Arputhanathan ; B. Gokulakrishnan; T. Mathan; B. Rajkamal; R. Rathinavelu
Pages: 127 - 130
The most common discomfort is that, heavy sweat occurs due to excessive heat formation. This mainly focuses on absorbing the heat produced inside the helmet. To achieve this, a suitable phase change material (PCM) is packed into a pouch and placed between the helmet and the wearer head. The heat from the wearer head is transferred to the PCM by conduction through a heat collector which is spread over the wearer head. The cooling unit is able to provide comfort cooling up to 2.10 h when the PCM is completely melted. The PCM helmet cooling system is simple and has potential to be implemented as a practical solution to provide comfort cooling to the motorcycle riders.
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Mechanical Characterization of 3D Printed Polymers for Fiber Reinforced Polymers Processing
R. Pranesh Nandhi ; M. D. Karthick; B. Nethaji; V. Bharathi
Pages: 131 - 139
This paper shows an examination in the thermo-mechanical crawl properties of added substance fabricated (AM) polymeric materials for the preparing of AM parts with fiber fortified polymers (FRP). Economically accessible Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ABSplus-P430 (ABS) for applications in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Polyamide 12 (PA12) and DuraForm HST Composite (HST) made by Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) are explored for all through plane building introductions. The materials were subjected to tractable and three-direct bowing wet blanket tests toward survey malleable Young's modulus, ductile yield quality, and flexural crawl modulus at a crawl time of 180 min and temperatures extending from to 110°C. The material properties were then utilized as a part of the distinguishing proof of the ideal handling weight and temperature for the autoclave curing of an AM honeycomb. The outcomes showed that the mechanical properties diminished as the temperature expanded. Building introductions essentially affect the mechanical properties for ABS and HST. Handling suggestions of the AM honeycomb mirror the variety of the mechanical properties over temperature: the weight diminishes as the temperature increments. Numerical outcomes connect well with trials led for an AM honeycomb made with HST and handled in an autoclave at 100 °C and weights of 2.26 and 4 bar.
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Study and Design of Automated Pneumatic Cooling System with Cost Analysis
R. Arjun Raj ; S. Ajith Kumar; V. Dhivakaar; R. Gowtham; M. Jeeva Rathanam
Pages: 140 - 142
In all the manufacturing industries, the coolant system in CNC machines is operated by electric drive. The regulate of coolant and flow control cannot be varied. The power consumption is also more in this case. Using electric drive coolant can be supplied only single machine. Our project aim is operate the coolant system using pneumatic drive. As per the requirements, the regulation of coolant flow can be controlled using air-operated diaphragm pump, sensor and solenoid valve. By using single pneumatic drive the coolant system multiple CNCC machines can be supplied. Considering the above facts pneumatic coolant system is studied and the circuit has been designed which facilities effective regulation of flow control. Basically the compressed air used to removal of scrapes during machine in, coolants on the surface of the work piece, etc. As air is ready available to use, consumption of compressed air is high in industries. By implementing this project the usage of power consumption can be reduced.
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Optimization of EDM Parameters on EN31 Steel Material using Taguchi Technique
G. Mohankumar ; M. Ravi; V. S Revanth; M. Sakthivel; J. Saranraj
Pages: 143 - 146
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is one of the non-traditional machining process that involved a transient spark discharges through the fluid due to the potential difference between the electrode and the work piece. This project work deals with a fundamental study of characteristic of Tool Wear Rate (TWR), Material Removal Rate (MRR) by using copper as Electrode materials in order to increase the understanding of EDM processes. To Optimize the EDM Process Parameters using Taguchi technique with L27 OA. Copper is an electrode material that are employed factor in a Discharge Current, Pulse on Time, Pulse off Time and the Gap voltage with the level of three. Based on the study the MRR increases with increases Pulse ON Time and current. TWR decreases with increases of Pulse off time. Pulse ON Time increases, TWR is decreases and then increases again with increases of Gap Voltage.
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Design and Analysis of Vortex Generator to Reduce Drag Force in Sedan Vehicle
Ms. Vidhyasri. E ; Mr. Narentharan T. E; Mr. Naveenkumar. M; Dr. Murali Manohar. R; Mr. Sathishkumar.S
Pages: 147 - 156
To accumulate energy and to secure the global environment, fuel consumption attenuation is primary concern of automotive development. In order to reduce the fuel consumption and to improve the driving performance of vehicle, reduction of drag force is essential and it can be achieved by using aerodynamic device. In a racing car and road vehicle the aerodynamic drag is one of the main obstacles which reduce the acceleration of a vehicle when it moves in the air, hence the fuel efficiency is adversely affected. So, vortex generators (VG) are used to reduce the drag force through which the efficiency can be increased. In sedan vehicle in order to delay flow separation at rear end, various shapes of vortex generators (such as Gothic, Parabolic, Ogive, Rectangular, Triangular) are designed and analyzed by using CFD solver and the optimized result will be achieve.
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Pneumatic Three Axis Modern Trailer
S. Ayyappan ; S. Balakrishnan; R. Janakar; K. Nigesk; Prof. S. Sathiyamooryhi
Pages: 157 - 159
“Pneumatic three axis modern trailer†is nothing but one of the Lifting system in automobile at the time of emergency. In this Lifting system pneumatically operated one. Here the additional pneumatic cylinder and Control Valve is provided in the automobile itself. In this project, the Control Valve is used to activate/deactivate the Air input. The Valve is ‘ON’ at the time of emergency; the compressed air goes to the pneumatic cylinder. Then the compressed air passes through the tube, and then pushes the pneumatic cylinder, so that the Lifting is applied at the time of Valve in “ON†position (i.e.-Emergency time).
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Study of Automobile Pollution Survey for Higher end Saloon Cars
S. Dharun ; S. Kailasam; G. Naveen; M. Suman; N. Arulmurthi
Pages: 160 - 163
In faster growing automobiles the most of high speed (or) higher end saloon model cars gives less kmpl & more pollution. Here we are conducting the pollution for various brand saloon cars. Nowadays in automobile field many new innovating concepts are being developed. We are conducting a survey of pollution control which is destroying the environment and harmful to human beings. In this project we are collecting the information of various emissions that are emitted by various saloon cars. The NOx and CO are the major pollutant to the living organisms. This survey shows comparison of higher end saloon model cars and result to be discussed.
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Auto Indexing Gear Cutting Attachment for Shaping Machine
S. Baskaran ; M. Deepak Chakravarthy; R. Jeghankumar; P. Pradeep; Prof. K. Mohansivakumar
Pages: 164 - 166
A shaper is used to machine a single job by using a single point cutting tool and hence it cannot be used for high production rates. This project intends to use pneumatic shaper for high production of automatic gear cutting with auto indexing work piece. A small ratchet gear structure has been thus devised to demonstrate the gear cutting attachment in shaping machines. The pneumatic source of power with control accessories is used to drive the ram or the cylinder piston to obtain the forward and return strokes.
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Plastic Pyrolysis
G.Prasanth ; A.Ranjith Murugan; V.R.Sabarieswaran; S.Satheesh; Prof. K.Mohansivakumar
Pages: 167 - 169
With the rapid development of the world plastic industry, more and more plastic materials are used widely than before. As the increasing quantity application of plastic, it brings people convenience as well as serious pollution problems. At present, the waste plastics mainly are solved by landfill, burning and recycling. However, both of landfill and burning cause the secondary pollution, and the scope plastic recycling is very limited. For example, the waste plastics produced by household garbage and paper-making factory, which cannot be recycled. With the increasing price of International crude oil, waste plastic pyrolysis plant project report is closely watched by different countries in the world.
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Air Pollutions Effect and Control Methods in Foundries Industries
G. Kavin ; Dr. N. Shivasankaran; M. Anbalakan; P. Janarthanan; N. Vivek
Pages: 170 - 174
The development of science and technology leads to environmental problems in both developed and developing countries. Air pollution is one of these problems. The impact of air pollutants on human health has become a major issue. Air pollutant means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance (including noise) present in the atmosphere in such concentration that may or tend to be injurious to human beings, other living creatures, plants, property or the environment in general. Air pollution emanates from many sources, stationary sources such as factories, power plants, smelters and smaller sources such as dry cleaners and degreasing operations, mobile sources such as cars, buses, planes, trucks, and trains; anthropogenic activities and naturally occurring sources such as windblown dust and volcanic eruptions. Air pollution has been aggravated by development that typically occurs as countries become industrialized growing cities, increasing traffic, rapid economic development and industrialization, and higher levels of energy consumption. In air pollution is widespread in urban areas where vehicles are the major contributors and in a few other areas with a high concentration of industries and thermal power plants. Vehicular emissions are of particular concern since these are ground level sources and thus have the maximum impact on the general population.
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Experimental Investigation on Performance of Refrigerant System using Titanium Dioxide
T. Vasudevan ; N. Prakash; U. Vishnuprasath; S. Prasath; Prof. C. Chelladurai
Pages: 175 - 180
Extracting heat is very important in the refrigeration system. And the extraction of heat is done by vapour compression system (refrigeration cycle). This project shows an experimental investigation of constant mass of refrigerant gases R-134a and R-600a (70g) enhanced with varied TiO2 nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are converted into nanofluids using distilled water as a base fluid. By adding nanofluid with refrigerants it improves thermo physical properties and heat transfer characteristics of refrigerant and the concentration used for preparing nanofluids are (2 g/L, 2.5 g/L).Then Performance test are maintained at steady state includes power consumption, compressor power input, cooling capacity and coefficient of performance. Analysis was based on temperature and pressure readings obtained from appropriate gauges and power consumption is recorded by energy meter which are attached to the kid. Results obtained showed that using nanofluids the power consumption is less and cooling capacity is high compare to ordinary refrigerators. In conclusion TiO2 nanofluid mixes safely and works efficiently in domestic refrigerators without changing capillary tube length.
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Pneumatic Disc Brake System by using Engine Exhaust Gas - Fueled with Pongamia Bio-Diesel
P. Varatharaju ; K. S. Madhusudhanarao; B. Mariappan; R.Nanthakumar; R.Ravikumar
Pages: 181 - 183
In modern days, the technology is grown faster as much as customer satisfaction, and their safety aspects. In this brake system is get a big role in safety of automobile vehicles. The environmental situation is vary from one to another place the vehicle should be obey all weather aspects. In some of weather condition the hydraulic brake fluid maybe lose that properties. Because of we need an alternative solution for it. As the idea, we get into make an efficient brake system in all-weather condition. The pneumatic power system is perfectly set for this in two and four wheeler. The fuel sources are already come to end. We need alternative fuels for automobile vehicles at the same time let it has low emission and save the environment condition to take care of society. So we choose vehicle run with the fuel of PONGAMIA biodiesel for get good performance.
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Comparative Analysis of Drag Force in various Car Bodies using CFD - A Review
Boopathi ; Kapil Kumar; Karthik Vijentra; Kuralarasan; Karthi
Pages: 184 - 186
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is the numerical techniques to solve the equations of fluid flow. CFD tool is found very useful in automobile industry ranging from system level (exterior aerodynamics, ventilation, internal combustion engines) to component level (disk brake cooling).CFD simulations are carried out by dividing the physical domain into small finite volume elements and numerically solved the governing equations that describe the behavior of the flow. The governing equation (Navier Stokes equations) is very complex and almost impossible to solve analytically thus requires numerical techniques. In the present paper, research work in the field of “Comparative Analysis of Drag Force in Various Car Bodies Using CFD†has been reviewed.
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Performance Characteristics of Karanja Oil in VCR Engine with Methanol at Two Different Compression Ratio
M. Goudilyan ; S. AravindKumar; M. Boopathiraja; G. Kumanan; R. S. Tanish
Pages: 187 - 190
In modern world due to increase in automobiles, there is a lack of fuel. So we are in the need of producing alternative fuel. In this alternative fuels, the bio diesel plays a vital role. In bio diesel, the combination of diesel with karanja is an important one. So in this paper, karanja oil is blended with diesel in the proportion of B20 (80% of Diesel + 20% of Bio diesel). At the same time, the 5% of methanol is added as an additive with B20. The performance characteristics of these blends are to be compared with the ordinary diesel.
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Fabrication of Automatic Feed Pneumatic Vice
T. Sureshkumar ; E. Divek; G. Sasikumar; P. Vasanthakumar; S. P. Manikandan
Pages: 191 - 194
In the manufacturing area this paper need one device for work and tool holding. For work holding this paper need vice to keep the work piece stationary while machining. Here the vice is adjusted by using the pneumatically operated jack. From the compressor the air is supplied to the jack. Due this pneumatic force the jack is adjusted (vertically or horizontally) correspondingly the vice is adjusted. Work holding and releasing is the most essential act to carry out machining. The main objective of our project is to perform various machining operations using “auto feed mechanisms†in work holding device with the of help of pneumatic system. This project using two mechanisms one mechanisms is used to hold work piece and another one is to feed the work piece into holding device in automatically. A pneumatic machine can be thought of as a large flexible mechanical structure that is moved by some sort of control system. The control system takes its input from a human operator and translates this command into the motion of actuators, which move the mechanical structure. The high performance and highly powerful, pneumatic machine vice together with the capacity for high volumes are suited for holding heavy objects. Generally, pneumatic cylinder operations are based on pneumatic pump operation. Air is pumping to the pneumatic cylinder by using pneumatic pump system.
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Design and Fabrication of Hybrid Bicycle to Produce Power
G. Mohankumar ; M. SatheeshKumar; B. SathishKumar; K. RanjithKumar; V. SaranKumar
Pages: 195 - 198
The main aim of our project is to develop a HYBRID CYCLE this can be placed in bicycles, for reducing the human toil and to save the electric power in Battery and also used to run bicycle intra machine power. So we have fabricated this hybrid cycle. The MINI DOOR self-motor and Alternative dynamo which is used in this project, the self-motor get power for battery and it is starting to run we have another one alternative dynamo recycling in the power from battery. It is used to save time, save power and eco-friendly. It is very usefully for all persons. This project is aimed at removing such unwanted strain and save time .one of the greatest problem that the world is facing today is that of environmental pollution. Increasing with every passing year and causing grave and irreparable damage to the earth. Environmental pollution namely, air, water, soil, noise, and light .the car and motor vehicles are also major contributors to pollution and cause a lot of damage to the environment. The project is replaced by automobile vehicle and it controls all pollutions.
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Design and Modification of Hydraulic Circuit in Hydraulic Pressing Machine
B. Parthiban ; R. Tamilselvan; S. Suresh; R. Sunil Muthu Kumar; S. Venkatesakumar
Pages: 199 - 203
Hydraulics plays a very important role in almost all sections of Industry whether it’s related to manufacturing, travel, hospitality or any other various sectors. The hydraulic machine is used to convert the shape of any material into any form by pressing operation. In hydraulic pressing machine, cylinder is the major operating component .Most variable hydraulic loading machines uses traditional counter balance valve to create to hydraulic opposing force. The counter balance valve is used to control the sudden fall of the vertical actuators due to the force which is created from the weight of the ram and various components fixed with the ram like movable portion, bed, die and the gravitational force. The counter balance valve could be either fixed or manually operated. But the counter balance valve is not possible in the hydraulic system with pre-filling. In order to overcome that, a smart system has been proposed that works with proportional directional control valve, limit switch or other position sensors (LVDT) fixed with the movable bed of the hydraulic pressing machine and also with the electronic control unit.
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Effect of Nano-Fluid Additiveon Emission Reduction in Biodiesel
A.Arun ; V. David Anson; R. Manoj Kumar; C. Murali; C. Ganeshram
Pages: 204 - 210
The increase in energy consumption in past several decades has increased the awareness of exhausting natural resources. Due to this the demand of Biodiesel is increased. Since, Biodiesel is a promising substitute as an alternative fuel. Jatropha curcas oil is considered as an alternate fuel for CI engines. Here an experimental investigation is carried out to establish the performance and emission characteristics using Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) as nano additive in jatropha biodiesel blended with various proportions of nano additives 25ppm, and 50ppm respectively. The biodiesel is produced from the jatropha oil by standard transesterification process and subsequently, the nano particles are blended by means of a mechanical agitator to achieve stable suspension. It is observed that the blends are stable which are suitable for the performance test on the compression ignition engine. The whole investigation is carried out in a DI diesel engine using different proportions of nano additive blended biodiesel.
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Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Plates
V. David Anson ; A.Arun; R. Manoj Kumar; K.Gowrishankar; N.Thirumalaisamy
Pages: 211 - 217
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid state joining process that involves joining of metals without fusion or filler materials. The frictional heat is produced by a rapid rotating non-consumable high strength tool pin that extends from a cylindrical shoulder. In this paper 6mm thick copper and bronze plates are friction stir welded at different tool rotational speeds of 800, 1000 and 1200 rpm, with a constant travel speed of 40 mm/min and an axial force of 10 kN. Tests like Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Micro hardness is done to identify the metallographic studies. The friction stir welding experiments are carried out with transverse speed of 40mm/min of tool. Vickers hardness test, microstructure analysis are performed on the welded material. The ANSYS model analysis is done for FSW process and the various temperature distributions during different travel time values are evaluated. The findings from these investigations are presented and discussed.
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Abstract
