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Kinetic Study of the Hydrolysis of Carboxylate Ester with Acetohydroxamic Acid in Non-Ionic Microemulsion System
Deepak Kumar Pandey ; Supriya Biswas
Department of Chemistry
Year: 2014, Volume:1, Issue : 6
Pages: 1 - 5
In recent year a kinetic study of nucleophilic substitution reaction in microemulsion has witnessed a significant growth of interest. Hydrolysis of P-nitrophenyl acetate with Acetohydroxamic acid has been studied in non-ionic microemulsion prepared from combination of weight percent of non-ionic surfactant (Triton x-100), co-surfactant n-butanol, oil-phase n-hexane and water. Conductivity behavior on the other hand depends mainly on the weight percent and composition of aqueous phase. The pseudo first-order rate constant increase with the increasing weight percentage of water (W0). Kinetic model of nucleophilic substitution reactions, have been discussed.
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ENERGY BASED WAVELET IMAGE FUSION
KOMAL ; RISHAV DEWAN
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
Year: 2014, Volume:1, Issue : 6
Pages: 6 - 13
This research work for image fusion method gives an increased vividness with the definition of a variety of fusion based assessment parameters. An energy based wavelet transform (ETWT) is used to calculate features of the input images to be fused, separately, to produce a region for fusion map. Fusion intensity of each region is calculated and fusion is done, region-by-region, in the wavelet domain. This method gives results comparable to original wavelet based fusion method, HPF fusion, PCA fusion and it has a number of advantages over given methods. These include: the intelligent semantic fusion for improved perception; and for areas with certain space to be attenuated or accumulated as unfit for fusion and hence not fused. The result of any image fusion is a new generated image that has the most needed information and properties of each input image. Due to the various multi-scale transform, in the proposed fusion algorithm. The fusion has resulted to be very effective in all fusion assessment algorithms and has improved the overall gain needed for a system using image fusion for any particular need.
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A Robust Method for Integrity Protection of Digital Data in Text Document Watermarking
Leena Goyal ; Manoj Raman; Prateek Diwan; Mukesh Vijay
Computer Science and Engineering
Year: 2014, Volume:1, Issue : 6
Pages: 14 - 18
Digital watermarking provides authentication, validation and copyright protection for multimedia contents over the internet. Text is the most widely used means of communication in addition to images, audio and video clips. So it may be required to be protected. Text watermarking techniques that have been developed in past protects the text from illegal copying, imitation, and prevents copyright violations. In this paper, we have proposed an algorithm that ensures the integrity and confidentiality of the document. In this technique watermark is created based on the contents of the document and embeds it without changing the contents of the document and also encrypts the text to provide confidentiality. To authenticate and prove the integrity of the document the watermark can be easily extracted and verified for tampering.
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Small Scale Energy Production by Bio Mass
Prakash Kumar Sen ; Shailendra Kumar Bohidar; Mina Sahu; Satwindar Kaur; Madhulata Dhruwe
Mechanical Engineering
Year: 2014, Volume:1, Issue : 6
Pages: 19 - 26
The focus of the study was on the impact that different types of local level bio energy initiatives can have on rural livelihoods in different contexts in the developing world. In order to generate electricity, biomass can be combusted, gasified, biologically digested or converted to liquid fuels propelling a generator. Several research institutions and international agencies rate biomass as one of the cheapest available renewable energy sources for power generation. Conversion from biomass to electricity is a low-carbon process as the resulting CO2 is captured by plant re-growth. In contrast with solar PV or wind power, biomass power technology can generate electricity on demand at any time, to a sufficient supply of biomass stocks is assured. Many agricultural and forest product residues can provide feedstock for energy conversion without increasing land requirements. Local farmers can generate additional income by providing biomass fuels for small local power plants.
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Gas Turbine and Combustion Chamber- A Review of the Cooling Techniques, The Problem of Scale Effect and Types of Flow
RAVIKANT SAHU ; EKLABYA GUPTA; DEEPAK KUMAR DEWANGAN; PRAKASH KUMAR SEN; PRABHAT RANJAN MISHRA
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Year: 2014, Volume:1, Issue : 6
Pages: 34 - 41
This paper briefly reviews some of the work on advanced the liner cooling techniques - specifically laminated porous wall cooling, angled-multirole (effusion) cooling and composite metal matrix liner cooling. The concept definition, heat transfer design procedure and design problems including key materials and fabrication considerations associated with each basic concept will be reviewed. Combustion characteristics and pollutant emissions are studied for different fuels. The influence of droplet diameter on pollutant emissions at all conditions is studied. The fuel and oxidizer are supplied at ambient conditions. The concept of high swirl flows has been adopted to achieve high internal recirculation rates, residence time and increased dilution of the fresh reactants in the primary combustion zone, resulting in flameless combustion mode. Numerical computation has been applied to investigate the temperature field in a gas turbine combustion chamber. The simulation assumed that pressure imbalance conditions of air flow between primary and secondary inlets occur.
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Failure and Reliability Review on Spark Plug using Process of a Strong Magnetic Fields and Failure Modes Spark Plug
Devin Nirala ; Arun Hathile; Jayesh Raj; Prakash Kumar Sen; Prabhat Mishra
Mechanical Engineering
Year: 2014, Volume:1, Issue : 6
Pages: 42 - 45
There are many different spark plug designs available in the market now a day. Understanding the differences between them is beneficial in helping the engine to run properly and efficiently. Spark plug and mode failure is a systematic tool for identifying the effects or consequences of a potential product or process failure and to eliminate or reduce the change of failure occurring, Detection rating and risk priority number (RPN) are some parameters, which are to be determine. These are the steps taken during design phase of equipment to ensure that the reliability requirements have been properly allocated and that a process for continuous improvement exists. Here the spark plug and mode failure (SPMF) technique is applied on the spark plug operation and defects are found. This work serves as a failure prevention guide and also would improve the reliability of spark plug operation and thus ensuring the effective vehicle performance.
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A Review about the Straight- Bladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (SB-VAWT) and its Performance
Khemraj Patel ; Arti Tirkey; Yamini Sarthi; Prakash Kumar Sen; Shailendra Kumar Bohidar
Mechanical Engineering
Year: 2014, Volume:1, Issue : 6
Pages: 46 - 51
This paper tries to present a review about the straight bladed vertical axis wind turbine (SB-VAWT), which is used to convert the sustainable energy of wind to an electrical energy. This also include about the materials used for blades of SB-VAWT and the performance of SB-VAWT. Performance of SB-VAWT is depends upon the thickness of blade, number of blades, setting angle of blade and blade arrangements in one or more stages. This paper focused on SB-VAWT, which is less popular as compared to horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT).
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CFD ANALYSIS OF SWIRL CAN COMBUSTION CHAMBER - A REVIEW
Naitik H. Gor ; Milan J. Pandya
Mechanical Engineering (Thermal)
Year: 2014, Volume:1, Issue : 6
Pages: 52 - 58
New computational methods are continuously developed in order to solve problems in different engineering fields. One of these fields is gas turbines, where the challenge is to make gas turbines more efficient and to reduce emissions that are bad for the environment. One of the main parts of a gas turbine that can be improved is the combustion chamber. In order to optimize the combustion chamber, both experimental and numerical methods are called for. An important topic is here to perform grid sensitivity studies to make sure that the model yields mesh independent results. This paper reviews some of the recent applications of the CFD in gas turbine combustor used in the power generation, aero-engines and combustion industries. The aim is to illustrate what can be done and also to identify trends and those areas where further work is needed.
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Common boiler feed water treatment in the industry
Nishita Kispotta ; Gayatri Choudhary; Dhaneshwari Sidar; Prakash Kumar Sen; Shailendra Kumar Bohidar
Mechanical Engineering
Year: 2014, Volume:1, Issue : 6
Pages: 59 - 62
Water treatment for thermal power plant is conducted to prevent problems such as carry over to the turbine components, as well as corrosion and scale formation/deposition in the boiler and turbine system. Since 1959, water treatment methods have been improved to deal with equipment nonconformities. The improvement of water treatment method for aging plants, higher operational efficiency, and better environmental conservation has been high on the agenda in recent years. This technology aims to remove particles and dissolved impurities by evaporation and condensation. Distilled or row water is used for boiler make up, chemical treatment is necessary to counteract harmful substance which are present. Particularly the contaminates present in row water are inorganic sodium compound of chloride, sulphate and carbonate and the hardness (calcium and magnesium) compounds of this same material. Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are present in feed water.
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Design And Thermal Analysis Of Thermal Expansion Joint In Industrial Application
Rakesh .P Prajapati ; Jayesh .B Khunt
Mechanical Engineering
Year: 2014, Volume:1, Issue : 6
Pages: 63 - 65
Present study covers different types of expansion joints used in industry. The expansion joints are used to dissipate the energy during contraction or expansion in pipes. Different types of expansion joints are widely used in piping industries. This covers detailed calculation from EJMA (Expansion Joint Manufacturers association), Design, Modelling, Thermal and Structural analysis of axial type expansion joint. All design process will be performed with aid of FE analysis using ANSYS software.
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Abstract
